Patella vulgata Linné, 1758; Recent.

1 specimen, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1601 (collection O. Neubauer).

Shell 7 mm long, with broadly oval outline and rounded edges in dorsal view; shell lowly limpet–shaped; apex in almost central position; central portion of shell lacks visible ornament (due to preservation?); shell otherwise with numerous strong, somewhat bulging radial ribs with 1 or 2 weaker radial ribs in between (details unclear); in addition shell ornamented with numerous weak concentric ribs.

Plate 1. 

(1) Patella sp., SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1601, collection O. Neubauer, dorsal view, length 7 mm. (2–4) Scurriopsis cragolis sp. nov. holotype, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1602, (2–3) lateral and dorsal views, length 16 mm, (4) detail of ornament, height ca. 5.8 mm. (5–8) Scurriopsis sp., SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1606, (5) dorsal view, length 8 mm, (6) detail in dorsal view, width 3.5 mm, (7–8) lateral view and detail of ornament, height 6 mm. (9–10) Pseudorhytidopilus ? quadratus sp. nov., holotype, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1607, dorsal and lateral views, largest diameter 21 mm. (11) Pseudorhytidopilus ? quadratus sp. nov., paratype, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1608, dorsal view, largest diameter 16 mm. (12) Leptomaria goldfussi (Sieberer, 1907), SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1616, lateral view, height 25 mm. (13, 14) Leptomaria goldfussi (Sieberer, 1907), SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1617, early whorls and detail of ornament, (13) height 16.5 mm, (14) height 14 mm. (15, 16) Leptomaria goldfussi (Sieberer, 1907), SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1618, aperture and base, width 24 mm.

Patella staceata Gründel, Hostettler and Menkveld-Gfeller, 2020 is very similar but differs in having numerous weaker radial ribs between the strong main radial ribs. The single, probably juvenile specimen is too poorly preserved for a better identification.

Scurriopsis neumayri Gemmellaro, 1878; Early Jurassic, Sinemurian; Italy.

Arbitrary word formation.

SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1602 (Plate 1: figs 2–4), Sylla collection.

3 specimens, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1603–1605.

Limpet with almost straight to slightly convex sides in lateral view; distinctly longer than wide in dorsal view; outline in dorsal view oval to rounded subrectangular, slightly tapering posteriorly or anteriorly; apex distinctly decentral in direction of the tapering side of the shell; shell ornamented with numerous, densely spaced fine but distinct radial ribs and much finer co-marginal concentric threads. The holotype is 26 mm long.

Hennocquia saalensis Gründel et al. (2017) from the same locality and stratigraphic position is smaller, the shell is broadly elliptic in dorsal view and has distinctly convex sides in lateral view; its very weak radial ribs are confined to the anterior and posterior parts of the shell and its dominant ornament consists of strengthened growth lines. Scurria oxyconus Zittel sensu di Stefano (1884) is larger and the shell is broader in dorsal view and has more convex sides in lateral view; its apex is situated in an almost central position. Fissurella kobyi Loriol, 1890 (in Loriol and Koby) is smaller and has more convex sides in lateral view; it has fewer and stronger axial ribs, its apex has a hole as is typical for fissurellids. Dietrichella moreana (Buvignier, 1843) sensu Gründel et al. (2020a) has more convex sides in lateral view, is broader oval in dorsal view and lacks axial ribs.

1 specimen, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1606.

Shell 8 mm long, high limpet-shaped; apex slightly decentral on anterior-posterior axis; on anterior-posterior axis, one side weakly convex in lateral view, other side almost straight; shell outline broadly oval in dorsal view; shell tapering, somewhat narrower in direction of apex; shell ornamented with numerous (ca. 50) radial ribs of equal strength, crenulated by much weaker concentric ribs; apex demarcated from rest of shell, with much weaker ornament (maybe due to preservation); shell edge wavy in dorsal view due to protruding radial ribs.

Pseudorhytidopilus lennieri Cox, 1960 (in Knight et al.); Kimmeridgian; France.

The systematic placement of this genus is unclear (Gatto and Monari 2010; Szabó in Mandl et al. 2010). Most authors place it in Acmaeidae.

Latin quadratus – due to the quadratic outline of the shell.

SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1607 (Plate 1: figs 9–10).

6 specimens SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1608–1613.

Shell thin, with trapezoidal to subquadratic outline with rounded edges in dorsal view; apex approximately in central position; shell ornamented with irregular concentric bulges.

Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) reefal limestones from the locality Saal near Kelheim, Lower Bavaria (Gründel et al. 2015, 2022).

Large specimen has a diameter of 21 mm; shell very thin, shallowly cap-shaped in lateral view; trapezoidal (one side of shell slightly narrower than the other side) to subquadratic outline with rounded edges in dorsal view; apex approximately in central position; shell ornamented with irregular concentric bulges.

Species with a similar ornament of bulges (e. g., P. ? ledonii (Haber, 1932) sensu Gatto and Monari 2010, Fabercapulus semisculptus Monari et al. 2017) have an elliptic outline in dorsal view and a radial furrow. Other species with an oval outline in dorsal view lack a furrow and an ornament of bulges (P. latissima (Sowerby, 1816) sensu Munt in Martill and Etches 2020, Berlieria maeotis (Eichwald) sensu Gerasimov, 1992 and others).

Brunonia annulata (Yokoyama, 1890) from the Cretaceous of Japan is also cap-shaped and has a similar ornament but its type species is much larger and has a rounded, oval outline in dorsal view (Kase 1988; Dieni 1990). Patella (Helcion) sculptilis Zittel, 1873 has a straight shell end in lateral view, weak concentric wrinkles and numerous radial ribs.

Trochus anglicus Sowerby, 1818; early Jurassic; England.

1 certain SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1614 and 1 questionable specimen (SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1615).

This species was reported from the Nattheim area by Gründel et al. (2017). We report it from Saal for the first time.

Pleurotomaria amoena Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1849; Bajocian; France.

12 specimens, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1616–1627.

Shell broadly trochiform, wider than high, with blunt, rounded apex; a specimen is 28 mm high; whorl face of first whorls straight, on late whorl slightly concave adapically and slightly convex abapically; selenizone separates these zones of whorl face; selenizone at about mid-whorl in early whorls, distinctly above mid-whorl in later whorls; earliest recognizable ornament consists of cancellate pattern of weak spiral threads and somewhat strengthened growth lines; spiral threads become stronger forming cords later in ontogeny; ca. 10 cords present on whorl face; growth lines may stay weak throughout ontogeny in some specimens; other specimens have strong, bulgy, prosocline axial ribs that are much broader than their interspaces on adapical portion of whorls; intersections of spiral cords and axial ribs are strongly nodular; subsutural row of nodules strongest; spiral cords strengthened below selenizone, commonly with alternation of strong and weak spiral cords; growth lines in this portion only developed as weak axial ribs; axial ribs crenulate spiral cords at intersections; base anomphalous, flat; transition from whorl face to base at rounded edge without nodes; base covered with numerous spiral cords of somewhat varying strength; strongest spiral cords towards center of base; growth lines on base sickle-shaped, straight near center opisthocyrt towards edge; aperture rounded quadratic, columellar lip somewhat broadened.

Gründel et al. (2017) discussed the possibility that L. tuberosa Gründel, Keupp & Lang, 2017 is a varity of L. goldfussi . The new material corroborated this assumption and L. tuberosa is now considerd to be a synonym. Differences to Leptomaria sp. are explained below. Laevitomaria ? antoniae (Étallon, 1861 in Thurmann and Étallon sensu Gründel et al. 2020a) has more convex whorls and deeper sutures; it lacks strengthened subsutural axial ribs. Pleurotomaria agassizii Münster, 1844 (in Goldfuss) has distinct subsutural axial ribs and the edge at the transition from whorl face to base bears nodes.

1 specimen, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1628.

Shell broadly trochiform conical with straight sides; specimen 27 mm high; sutures indistinct; ornament of early whorls poorly preserved showing few spiral cords; selenizone visible as broad band in supra-median position on last whorls; whorl face ornamented with spiral cords, 3 above and 4–5 below selenizone; adapical spiral cords weaker than abapical cords; last whorl also ornamented with broad, bulging, prosocline, axial ribs that are poorly demarcated from their interspaces; interspaces between ribs approximately as broad as ribs; intersections of axial ribs and spiral cords usually not nodular or only weakly nodular; only one spiral cord below selenizone has distinct nodes; transition from whorl face to base at rounded edge; base flat, densely covered by spiral cords that are not nodular and broader than their interspaces; aperture not preserved.

Plate 2. 

(1, 2) Leptomaria sp., SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1628, lateral and basal views, width 30 mm. (3–5) Leptomaria phacoides Zittel, 1873, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1629, lateral, apical and basal views, width 41 mm. (6) Leptomaria phacoides Zittel, 1873?, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1631, lateral view, height 22 mm. (7) Rimulopsis danuviensis sp. nov., holotype, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1653, collection Neubauer, lateral view, height 9 mm. (8) Rimulopsis danuviensis sp. nov., paratype, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1654, collection Neubauer, anterior view, height 7 mm. (9–11) Asperilla longispina (Rolle, 1861), SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1661, lateral, apical and basal views, width including spines 24 mm. (12, 13) Falsataphrus ? valfinense Loriol, in Loriol and Bourgeat (1886–1888), SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1696, apical and lateral views, width 12 mm. (14, 15) Caryomphalus globatus (Buvignier, 1843), SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1713, basal and lateral views, width 15 mm.

Leptomaria sp. differs from Leptomaria goldfussi (Sieberer, 1907) by having straighter shell sides, being more acute, having broad, bulging, poorly defined axial ribs and by largely lacking nodes at intersections of axial ribs and spiral cords.

1 specimen SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1629 and 1 cast of an impression SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1630 (the impression itself is lacking).

Shell low trochiform, with low whorls; specimen 41 mm wide; suture shallow;

selenizone indistinct apparently at mid-whorl on last whorl, and suprasutural on spire whorls with a bulge below it; whorls with faint remains of spiral ornamentation; base flat, demarcated from whorl face by rounded edge, widely phaneromphalous; base without visible ornamentation except for indistinct growth lines; aperture not preserved.

Leptomaria chryseis Laube sensu Gründel (2012) and Monari and Gatto (2013) has an ornament of spiral and axial ribs on the early teleoconch whorls, its whorls are more convex and the sutures are more distinct. Pleurotomaria onion d’Orbigny sensu Loriol in Loriol and Bourgeat (1886–1888) lacks ornamentation and its umbilicus is wider. Pleurotomaria cfr. philea d’Orbigny sensu Schlosser (1882) has more convex whorls, deeper sutures, and lacks an abapical bulge and furrow. Pleurotomaria umbilicata Sieberer, 1907 is maybe identical with Leptomaria phacoides but has a weak cancellate ornament of spiral cords and axial ribs.

A single shell fragment, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1631.

The fragment of ca. four whorls shows a well preserved ornament. It possibly belongs to Leptomaria phacoides but it has a higher and more slender spire than the specimen described above as L. phacoides. Both have the selenizone below mid-whorl on the last whorl and in a suprasutural position in spire whorls. The whorl face including selenizone is covered with numerous spiral cords which are broader than the furrows separating them. The growth lines are prosocline and prosocyrt between the adapical suture and selenizone and prosocyrt between selenizone and abapical suture. The base is not preserved.

Ditremaria amata d’Orbigny, 1854; upper Oxfordian-lower Kimmeridgian; France.

5 specimens, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1632–1636.

Trochus quinquecinctus Zieten, 1830–1833; upper Jurassic, South Germany.

2 specimens, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1637–1638.

Chilodonta clathrata Étallon, 1862; Kimmeridgian; France.

4 specimens, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1639–1642.

Turbo ranellatus Quenstedt, 1852; Kimmeridgian, South Germany.

2 specimens SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1643–1644 and a cast of an imprint, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1645 (imprint not at hand).

Emarginula goldfussi Roemer, 1836; higher Upper Jurassic, North Germany.

3 specimens, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1646–1648.

4 specimens, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1649–1652.

After the river Donau, Latin Danubius.

SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1653 (Plate 2: fig. 7) (collection Neubauer).

3 specimens Saal (2 specimens collection Sylla, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1655–1656, 1 specimen collection Neubauer, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1654).

Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) reefal limestones from the locality Saal near Kelheim, Lower Bavaria (Gründel et al. 2015, 2022).

Limpet ornamented with a repeated alternation of one strong and 1–3 weaker radial ribs and few bulgy concentric ribs; shell angulated at two of the prominent radial ribs that are nodular at intersections with concentric ribs; several weak concentric ribs are intercalated between two strong concentric ribs.

Shell limpet-shaped; a shell is 9 mm high; apex strongly bent in posterior direction protruding the posterior shell margin in lateral and dorsal view; selenizone raised, forming crest; lunulae lamellar, concave anteriorly; at each side of selenizone, 1–2 weak and then one strong radial rib; at these strong radial ribs, shell is distinctly angulated; lateral shell sides ornamented with a repeated alternation of one strong and 1–3 weaker radial ribs and few, distantly spaced bulgy concentric ribs; intersections of radial and concentric ribs nodular, nodes especially strong on the two ribs that angulate the shell; in addition, weak concentric, co-marginal ribs are present.

Rimulopsis broesamleni Gründel et al., 2017 has a regularly alternation of a weaker and a stronger radial rib as well as weaker concentric ribs. This produces a cancellate ornament including deep pits demarcated by radial and concentric ribs. Instead of concentric bulgy ribs, it has more regular and defined ribs. Intersections of radial and concentric are only weakly nodular. Rimula etalloni Loriol in Loriol and Bourgeat (1886–1888) sensu Gründel et al. (2020a) has an alternation of each one stronger and one weaker radial rib; it lacks weaker concentric ribs between the bulgy concentric ribs. Rimulopsis paucicostata (Étallon, 1861 in Thurmann and Étallon) sensu Gründel et al. (2020a) has an alternation of each, one strong and one weak radial rib; bulgy concentric ribs are confined to the apical portion of the shell whereas weak concentric ribs are present in the abapical portion of the shell.

Falsotectus parvus Gründel, Keupp & Lang, 2017; Kimmeridgian; South Germany.

4 specimens (3 specimens Saal, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1657–1659; 1 specimen Saal, “Fundort 1985, über Korallenstock, Sohle 2” (= locality 1985, above coral stock, level 2), SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1660.

Delphinula coronoserra Quenstedt, 1881–1884 (= Delphinula longispina Rolle, 1861); Kimmeridgian; South Germany.

2 specimens, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1661–1662.

The present specimens have fewer spines on the keel (ca. 7) than those reported by Gründel et al. (2017). In addition, the present specimens have more nodes on the spiral cord at the transition from whorl face to base. According to the literature, the base of this species is smooth or has only a single nodular spiral cord close to the spiral cord at the transition to the whorl face (Gründel et al. 2017). However, the present specimen has three distinctly nodular spiral cords on the base, besides the spiral cord at the transition to the whorl face. The meaning of these differences the present material to that reported by Gründel et al. (2017) are difficult to judge without additional well-preserved material. Therefore, we tentatively keep the present specimens under the same species name.

Trochus massalongoi Gemmellaro, 1868; Calcare a Terebratula janitor, Sicily, Italy.

Saal: 8 specimens, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1663–1670; Saal, location 1985, “über Knollenkalkbank, Sohle 2” (=above nodular bed, level 2): 1 specimen, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1671.

Undatotectus glaber Gründel, Keupp & Lang, 2017; Kimmeridgian; South Germany.

12 specimens (SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1672–1683); 1 specimen from Saal, locality 1985, above coral stock, Sohle 2, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1684 (all collection Sylla).

Trochus angulatoplicatus Münster in Goldfuss, 1844; upper Kimmeridgian; South Germany.

11 specimens, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1685–1695.

Falsataphrus circumcallosus Gründel, 2000; Callovian; NE–Germany.

2 specimens, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1696–1697.

Shell lens-shaped with very low spire; larger specimen 12 mm wide; last whorl embracing most of previous whorls; sutures indistinct; apex rounded; shell smooth; periphery evenly rounded; base flat; base and aperture incompletely preserved; no umbilicus and ornament visible; it is unclear whether the broad callus covering the umbilicus that would be typical of the genus Falsataphrus is present or not.

Falsataphrus corallensis (Buvignier, 1852) sensu Gründel et al. (2020a) has at least sometimes a higher spire (Gründel et al. 2020a: pl 12: figs 13, 14); other specimens are hardly distinguishable from the present specimens (Gründel et al. 2020a: pl 12: figs 10, 11). Falsataphrus corallensis sensu Loriol in Loriol and Koby (1890) cannot be distinguished from F. ? valfinense according to its description.

Natica inornata Quenstedt, 1858; Upper Jurassic; South Germany.

1 specimen, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1698.

The present specimen fits T. inornatus in general shell morphology. However, the characters typical for the genus Torusataphrus (callus on base and thickened outer lip) are not recognizable.

Turbo davousti d’Orbigny, 1850; Bathonian; France.

Saal: 3 specimens, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1699–1701; 1 specimen “Fundort 1985, über Korallenstock, Sohle 2” (= locality 1985, above coral stock, level 2), SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1702; 3 casts of imprints that are not present, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1703–1705.

1 specimen, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1706.

Turbo planispira Cossmann, 1885; Bathonian; France.

1 specimen “Fundort 1985, über Korallenstock, Sohle 2” (= locality 1985, above coral stock, level 2), SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1707; 2 specimens Saal, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1708–1709.

3 specimens, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1710–1712.

Delphinula fumatoplicosa Quenstedt, 1858; Kimmeridgian; South Germany.

3 specimens Saal, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1713–1715; 1 specimen Saal, “Fundort 1985, über Korallenstock, Sohle 2” (= locality 1985, above coral stock, level 2), SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1716.

Shell broadly turbiniform; illustrated specimen 18 mm high; mature whorls evenly convex with periphery at mid-whorl; sutures impressed; earliest preserved whorls have a pronounced edge below mid-whorl; whorl face between edge and adapical suture forms oblique ramp, vertical below edge; ramp initially with three, later with four spiral cords; shell below edge initially with one spiral cord, later with two spiral cords; edge becomes increasingly less pronounced and rounded on penultimate whorl; last whorl evenly rounded, markedly convex with periphery at mid-whorl and evenly rounded transition to moderately convex base; suture considerably deflected downward in last whorl so that another 4–5 spiral cords are exposed on penultimate whorl; 17 spiral cords are present on last whorl from suture to middle of base; all spiral cords are densely covered with small pustules; axial ribs absent, or only faint axial ribs on last third of last preserved whorl; base narrowly phaneromphalous; aperture circular.

Plate 3. 

(1) Caryomphalus globatus (Buvignier, 1843), SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1713, lateral view, width 15 mm. (2, 3) Caryomphalus sp., cf. concavus Gründel, Keupp & Lang, 2017, SNSB–BSPG 2017 XXI 1717, lateral and basal views, height 14 mm, width 12 mm. (4) Proconulus? sp. 1 sensu Gründel, Keupp and Lang (2017), SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1718, lateral and basal views, height 11 mm. (5–7) Nododelphinula oblonga sp. nov., holotype, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1721, lateral views, apertural and abapertural, basal view, width 26 mm. (8–9) Nododelphinula oblonga sp. nov., paratype, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1930, collection Lang, shell in lateral and dorsal view, width 27 mm. (10–12) Serrettella gerberi (Gründel, Keupp & Lang, 2017), SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1722, lateral, basal views and aperture, width 13 mm. (13) Serrettella gerberi (Gründel, Keupp & Lang, 2017), locality 1985, above coral stock, level 2, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1723, lateral view, width 9.5 mm. (14, 15) Heliacanthus sp. 1, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1726, abapertural and apertural lateral views, height 12 mm.

The variability of this species could not be assessed, because only few specimens are at hand. The two best preserved specimens resemble those intermediate between variants 1 and 3 of Caryomphalus globatus sensu Gründel et al. (2020).

1 specimen from Saal, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1717.

Shell trochiform; illustrated specimen 14 mm high; whorls weakly convex, evenly expanding; earliest preserved whorl with two nodular spiral cords, one in suprasutural position, other spiral cord between edge and abapical suture; a further spiral cord soon appears above edge; this spiral cord is initially weaker than the other cords but rapidly becomes as strong as other cords; suture somewhat deflected downward on the last part of last whorl, so that another spiral cord becomes exposed on penultimate whorl; edge becomes weaker, and changes to a regular spiral cord on last whorl so that whorl face becomes convex with evenly rounded transition to base; base narrowly phaneromphalous, weakly convex, covered with ca. 10 spiral cords that are somewhat weaker than those on whorl face; all spiral cords bear fine tubercles that are elongated in prosocline direction; details of round aperture not preserved.

In Caryomphalus concavus Gründel, Keupp & Lang, 2017, the late whorls are more rapidly increasing (more concave flanks of shell); it has axial ribs on the early whorls, and the inner spiral cords on the base are separated by wider interspaces than the outer spiral cords.

Trochus (Ziziphinus) guillieri Cossmann, 1885; Bathonian; France.

3 specimens, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1718–1720.

Delphinula buckmanni Morris & Lycett, 1851; Middle Jurassic; England.

Latin oblongum – protruding, because of the protruding keel.

SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1721 (Plate 3: figs 5–7), collection Sylla.

1 specimen, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1930, collection Lang.

Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) reefal limestones from the locality Saal near Kelheim, Lower Bavaria (Gründel et al. 2015, 2022).

Whorl face with strongly projecting keel and subsutural row of nodes; base entirely covered with spiral cords, one of them encircles umbilicus and is stronger with larger nodes; aperture is more or less pentagonal.

Shell lowly trochiform with gradate spire, about as wide as high; larger specimen is 29 mm wide; earliest whorls are poorly preserved; first recognizable sculpture is an edge roughly in the mid-whorl, which is reinforced to form a keel; area adapical to the edge/keel forming broad, oblique ramp; whorl face below edge/keel approximately vertical, concave; during growth, keel first approaches abapical suture and then moves away again as suture sinks; keel nodular (not always clearly); nodes weaken during ontogeny; a row of nodes present below adapical suture; whorl face completely covered with spiral cords; weak, blurry, barely recognizable axial ribs run from suture to suture; spiral cord at border to base slightly weaker than keel; whorl face between these keel and border spiral cord concave, covered with slightly nodular spiral cords; base flat with angular transition to whorl face where spiral cord is situated; base distinctly phaneromphalous, covered with several spiral cords; particularly strong spiral cord surmounts umbilicus, having significantly larger nodes than those on whorl face; nodes have a pit in apertural portion and thus resemble hollow spines; aperture only incompletely preserved, having pentagonal outline.

Delphinula serrata Buvignier, 1852 has a lower shell, the keel has stronger nodes, lacks the strong spiral cord surrounding the umbilicus, and has fewer but stronger spiral cords on the base. Turbo valfinensis Étallon sensu Loriol in Loriol and Bourgeat 1886–1888 (pl. 20, fig. 2, non fig. 3) has a more pronounced tuberculate ornament, the axial ribs are more distinct, the spiral cords are weaker and more numerous, and it lacks the strong spiral cord surrounding the umbilicus. The latter characteristic applies also to Turbo plicatocostatus Zittel, 1873 and to the species of the same name sensu Loriol in Loriol and Koby (1894). In both cases, the keel is weaker and the subsutural row of nodes is missing, the aperture is more rounded.

Trochus humbertinus Buvignier, 1852; Oxfordian; France.

Saal, “Fundort 1985, über Korallenstock, Sohle 2” (= locality 1985, above coral stock, level 2): 3 specimens, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1722–1724, Saal, “Fossilnest Sohle 3–4” (= fossil nest level 3–4): 1 specimen, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1725.

The shell is broadly trochiform; largest specimen 14 mm wide; first approximately 2 whorls convex, without visible ornament (due to preservation?); whorl face of later whorls become straight, and sutures become inconspicuous; above abapical suture, a distinctive keel-like protruding spiral cord is formed, as well as 4 weaker ones between this cord and the adapical suture; whorl face slightly angulated by the keel-like spiral cord; as suture sinks, first one and then a second spiral cord become visible on penultimate whorl; both almost as strong as the keel-like spiral rib; transition from whorl face to the moderately convex base evenly rounded; 7–8 spiral cords on the base; all spiral cords densely covered with small pustules (not always clear due to preservation); aperture round with adapical canal; abapical edge of aperture broadly rounded.

In contrast to the description given by Gründel et al. (2017), the present material has only four additional, relatively strong spiral cords between the adapical suture and the keel-like spiral cord. Moreover, the base of the present material is completely covered with spiral cords. Based on the limited material available, it cannot be decided with certainty whether these differences indicate genuine morphological differences (in which case there would probably be two separate species) or whether they reflect intraspecific variation or are due to preservation.

Serrettella humbertina (Buvignier) sensu Gründel et al. (2020a) has a subsutural spiral cord covered with stronger nodes, more than 4 weaker spiral cords between the adapical suture and the keel-like reinforced spiral cord, the nodes of the keel-like spiral cord increase in size during ontogeny. “Serrettella nov. gen. humbertina (Buv.)” sensu Fischer and Weber (1997) has a more concave whorl face between the keel and the adapical suture, and the keel-like spiral cord is higher on the whorl face. Trochus humbertina Buvignier, 1852 also has a row of reinforced subsutural nodes, the shell is higher in relation to the width and thus more slender.

Turbo thurmanni Pictet & Campiche, 1863; Early Cretaceous; Switzerland.

4 specimens, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1726–1729.

Shell broadly turbiniform with gradate spire; largest specimen 20 mm wide; first recognizable sculpture is a distinct edge situated high on whorl face which separates an approximately horizontal ramp from a vertical abapical part; subsutural spiral cord; two spiral cords appear on either side of edge; orthocline, bulging, blurred axial ribs run from suture to suture; nodules at intersections of axial ribs with subsutural spiral cord and edge; nodes have a pit in apertural direction; base phaneromphalous, slightly convex with angular transition to whorl face; base is covered with 5–6 relatively weak spiral cords in the outer area and three strong nodular spiral ribs near center; all weaker spiral cords are finely crenulated; axial ribs very weak on base; aperture not preserved.

Plate 4. 

(1) Heliacanthus sp. 1, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1726, basal view, width 12 mm. (2–6) Heliacanthus? sp. 2, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1730, (2, 5) lateral and apical view, width 20 mm, (3) apex in lateral view, height 11 mm, (4) shell detail in lateral view, height 11 mm, (6) detail apical view, width 15 mm. (7) Heliacanthus? sp. 2, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1731, apertural view, height of aperture 19 mm. (8–11) Nododelphinulidae? gen. and sp. indet., SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1731, (8, 10) lateral and lapical views, width of specimen 17 mm, (9) apex in lateral view, height 10 mm, (11) detail of base, width 14 mm. (12, 13) Creniturbo gibbosus sp. nov. (specimen lost), collection Lang, apical and lateral views. (14, 15) Creniturbo gibbosus sp. nov., holotype, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1738, (collection Lang), oblique basal and lateral views, width 6.5 mm.

?Nododelphinula sp. sensu Hägele (1997) is smaller, lacks clear axial ribs, the bordering spiral cord at the transition to the base lacks nodes, on the base there is only a hump-shaped spiral cord that surrounds the umbilicus. Heliacanthus epulus (d’Orbigny) sensu Hägele (1997) has smaller and more numerous nodes on the edge, while it lacks a reinforced spiral cord with larger nodes at the transition to the base. Metriomphalus (Metriacanthus) rugosus (Buv.) sensu Fischer and Weber (1997) lacks axial ribs, the nodes on the edge at the transition to the base are larger and less numerous, and its base lacks strong and nodular spiral cords.

7 specimens, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1730–1736.

Shell broadly trochiform with rapidly expanding whorls and gradate spire; one of the better preserved specimens 20 mm wide; earliest whorls clearly exposed due to rapid sinking of suture; whorls ornamented with spiral cords and axial ribs, with nodular intersections; last whorl with rapidly forming wide, oblique ramp; subsutural row of small tubercles; at least 5 slightly knobby spiral cords on ramp; strong keel delimits ramp; keel with rapidly enlarging tubercles (approximately 9 on the last whorl); whorl face below keel vertical and delimited abapically by second knobby keel; at least two weak knobby spiral cords between two keels; a third, somewhat weaker keel forms border to almost flat base; two weak, knobby spiral cords present between second and third keel; base incompletely preserved, covered with several spiral cords; growth lines approximately straight, prosocline; aperture very large, round.

Turbo (Sarmaticus) stephanophorus Zittel, 1873 is more slender, it has fewer nodes on the keels and on the base, there is only a single nodular spiral cord visible (= bordering spiral cord)

1 specimen, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1737.

Shell broadly turbiniform, with gradate spire; specimen 17 mm wide; earliest visible ornament consists of two edges, one at about mid-whorl, the other suprasutural; whorl face above adapical edge forms oblique ramp, approximately vertical below edge; nodular spiral cord in subsutural position; between this cord and adapical edge, first one, then a second spiral cord appear on ramp and also on whorl face between edges; whorl face ornamented with widely spaced, bulging axial ribs that continue onto center of base; axial ribs approximately orthocline on whorl face and distinctly opisthocline on base; adapical edge with numerous small nodes in early whorls but fewer and larger nodes on last whorl; same trend on abapical edge, but not as distinct; nodes spirally elongated, tapering in abapertural direction with narrow beginning and trumpet-like widening in apertural direction; spoon-like pits at apertural end of nodes, which terminate abruptly, immediately followed by narrow beginning of next node; widened spoon-like ending of elongate nodes lies at intersection of axial ribs and spiral cords; base flatly convex with angular transition to whorl face; base covered with nodular spiral cords; aperture not preserved.

The morphology of the spirally elongated nodes is to our knowledge unique; we know of no other example from the literature.

Trochus dirce d’Orbigny, 1853; Oxfordian; France.

Latin gibbus – nodes; for the abapical row of large nodes.

SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1738 (pl. 4, figs 14–15), collection Lang.

6 specimens from Saal (4 specimens collection Lang: SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1739–1742, 2 specimens collection Sylla: SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1743–1744)

A questionable specimen from Saal, collection Lang.

Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) reefal limestones from the locality Saal near Kelheim, Lower Bavaria (Gründel et al. 2015, 2022).

Shell broadly trochiform, gyroscopic; whorl face slightly concave, with several weak spiral lirae; suture shallow, inconspicuous; edge at transition from whorl face to base with 10–13 large rounded nodes, visible slightly above suture in spire whorls; aperture has circular lumen; tongue-shaped callus covers center of base.

Only juvenile specimens at hand are relatively well-preserved; fully grown but poorly preserved specimens up to 16 mm wide; shell broadly trochiform, gyroscopic; whorl face slightly concave; edge at transition from whorl face to base with 10–13 large rounded nodes, visible slightly above suture in spire whorls; suture wavy due to nodes; whorl face covered with very faint spiral lirae (usually not visible due to preservation); it is not certain whether spiral lirae are also present on nodes; base slightly convex and set off from whorl face at an angle; growth lines on base opisthocyrt; spiral lirae probably also present on base, but obscured by preservation; aperture has circular lumen, slightly tapering adapically; tongue-shaped callus covers center of base.

Creniturbo dirce (d’Orbigny), the type species and the only other species assigned to Creniturbo, has a double row of nodes at the basal edge and it has a much stronger spiral cords.

4 specimens from Saal: SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1745–1748 (2 specimens collection Sylla, 1 specimen collection Keupp, 1 specimen collection Lang).

The present specimens are moderately to poorly preserved; shape, size and sculpture correspond – as far as can be seen – to those of the Creniturbo gibbosus n. sp.; however, the present specimens have a more or less distinct spiral cord on the base, directly below the basal edge; additional faint spiral cords obscured by poor preservation present on base; nodes on basal angulation much weaker than in Creniturbo gibbosus.

Plate 5. 

(1, 2) Creniturbo sp., SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1745, lateral and basal views, width 13 mm. (3, 4) Creniturbo sp., SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1746, collection Lang, (3) detail of base, width 3.2 mm, (4) lateral view, width 3.5 mm. (5–7) Kelheimia triangulata sp. nov., holotype, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1749, (5, 7) lateral and apical views, width 23 mm, (6) apex in lateral view, height 9 mm. (8–10) Kelheimia triangulata sp. nov., paratype, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1750, lateral, apical and basal views, width 47 mm. (11) Kelheimia triangulata sp. nov., paratype, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1751, oblique basal view with aperture, height of aperture 32 mm. (12–15) Vetigastropoda gen.and sp. indet., SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1758, (12, 15) lateral and basal views, width 23 mm, (13) detail of lateral view, width 12 mm, (14) detail of ornament, height 10 mm. (16) Parvulatopsis? sp. 1, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1759, lateral view, width 12 mm.

Cerithium binodum Buvignier, 1852 is larger, its base is more convex and it has two rows of nodes on the basal edge. Creniturbo dirce (d’Orbigny) sensu Loriol in Loriol and Koby (1890) is also larger with a double row of nodes on the basal edge and it has strong spiral cords on the base.

After the city of Kelheim that is close to the Saal quarry.

Kelheimia triangulata n. sp.; upper Kimmeridgian; South Germany.

Shell broadly trochiform, conical, slightly coeloconoid with early whorls more slender than late whorls; early whorls with ornament of intersecting spiral cords and axial ribs; late whorls ornamented with few wide spiral cords; transition from whorl face to base at sharp, angular edge; base slightly convex, covered with spiral cords; aperture large with circular lumen and callous inner lip; growth lines straight, prosocline.

Pyrgotrochus P. Fischer, 1885 and Conotomaria Cox, 1959 have more evenly increasing whorls, a less pronounced ontogenetic sculptural change, a flat base and a selenizone located well above the abapical suture.

Latin triangulus – because of the triangular outline of the shell.

SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1749 (Plate 5: figs 5–7).

8 specimens, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1750–1757.

Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) reefal limestones from the locality Saal near Kelheim, Lower Bavaria (Gründel et al. 2015, 2022).

As for genus.

Shell broadly trochiform, conical, slightly coeloconoid; a specimen is 48 mm wide; early whorls slender with distinct sutures; later whorls increase more rapidly producing coeloconoid shell shape; late whorls with straight whorl face, separated by inconspicuous sutures; early whorls with edge above mid-whorl separating oblique ramp and vertical abapical whorl face; several spiral cords present on both whorl portions; approximately 9 bulging, relatively wide axial ribs run from suture to suture forming nodes on edge; as width growth accelerates, edge and axial ribs disappear; straight whorl face of late whorls covered with about 8 spiral cords; cords wider than separating furrows; growth lines straight to weakly prosocyrt, prosocline on whorl face and base; transition from whorl face to base at sharp, angular edge; base anomphalous, slightly convex, covered with wide spiral cords; aperture large with circular lumen and callous inner lip.

Brachytrema (Petersia) sp. sensu Hägele (1997) has bulgy axial ribs on the last whorls and severeal folds inside the aperture (on olumella and outer lip). In Pyrgotrochus cyproea (d’Orbigny) sensu Fischer and Weber (1997), the whorls are has regularly increasing in width, it has a selenizone, its ornament does not show ontogenetic change, and its spiral cords are narrower. Pleurotomaria berlieri Loriol in Loriol and Girardot (1903) (based on a steinkern) is larger, lacks distinct ornamentation, and its aperture has an edge.

1 specimen, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1758.

Shell broadly trochiform, 22 mm high; whorls low, angulated somewhat above abapical suture; edge covered with numerous nodules, possibly representing base of hollow spines; two weak subsutural spiral cords without nodes appear on last whorl; whorl face straight and without sculpture between basal edge and abapical spiral cord; nodular basal edge emerges at suture; base flat, concave in center; transition from whorl face to base angular; base without visible ornament; aperture not preserved.

This specimen resembles the Triassic genera Ampezzalina Bandel, 1993 and Bandelastraea Nützel & Kaim, 2014 (see Karapunar and Nützel 2021, figs 78, 79) but its preservation is too poor for identification.

Dauterria variocostata Gründel, Keupp & Lang, 2015; upper Kimmeridgian; South Germany.

SNSB–BSPG 2016, Saal: 30 mostly juvenile specimens; „Sohle 2 über Korallenstock“ (= level 2 above coral block): 5 specimens.

3 specimens, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI.

Pileolus laevis Sowerby, 1823; Bathonian; England.

5 specimens, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI.

Parvulatopsis quinquecostatus Gründel, Keupp & Lang, 2015; upper Kimmeridgian; South Germany.

5 specimens, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI.

5 juvenile specimens, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1759–1763.

Shell-broadly turbiniform, egg-shaped, low-spired with rapidly increasing whorls; largest specimen 12 mm wide; smallest specimen 7 mm wide (best preserved one); whorls convex; suture sinks significantly during ontogeny; whorl face ornamented with 5 strong, knobby spiral cords; distances between adapical suture and adapical spiral cord as well as between this and the 2^nd spiral cord particularly wide; this portion of whorl face distinctly oblique; whorl face vertical between 2^nd and 3^rd spiral cords; 4–6 weak spiral cords without nodes between strong spiral cords; growth lines straight, prosocline from adapical suture to center of the base.

Plate 6. 

(1, 2) Parvulatopsis? sp. 1, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1759, lateral and apical views, width 12 mm. (3) Neridomus hemisphaerica (Roemer, 1836), SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1764, lateral view, width 33 mm. (4, 5) Neridomus hemisphaerica (Roemer, 1836), SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 651, lateral views, height 35 mm. (6, 7) Neridomus hemisphaerica (Roemer, 1836) with color pattern, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1765, lateral and apical views, width 36 mm. (8–12) Neritopsis ? rotundatus sp. nov., holotype, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1767, (8–10) abapertural, apertural and apical views, width 15 mm, (11) detail in oblique apical view, width 11 mm, (12) basal view, width 15 mm. (13, 14) Wallowiella (Plicaropsis) cancellata (Stahl, 1824) (adult), SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1773, lateral and basal views, width 21 mm.

Juvenile specimens of Bipartopsis robustus Gründel et al., 2015 are smaller, the distances between the strong spiral cords are approximately the same but overall narrower than in Parvulatopsis? sp. and the adapical whorl face is not as oblique (in lateral view). Neritopsis jurensis Münster sensu Kuhn (1939) has 3 spiral cords at equal distances on the whorl face and strong axial ribs (according to the description, not visible in Kuhn’s (1939) illustration).

Neridomus anglica Cox & Arkell, 1950 = Nerita (Neridomus) hemisphaerica Roemer sensu Morris & Lycett, 1851; middle Jurassic; England.

10 specimens (illustrated ones SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 651, 1764–1765) from Saal.

Shell oblique oval in lateral view, somewhat wider than high, with convex whorls; periphery low on whorls; largest specimen 39 mm high; spire very low; very large body whorl, embracing most of previous whorls; sutures very shallow, indistinct; aside from growth lines, no sculpture visible; growth lines prosocline and weakly prosocyrt from adapical suture to center of the base; aperture teardrop-shaped with strongly and asymmetrically convex outer lip and almost straight inner lip; aperture pointed adapically and broadly rounded abapically; callus very wide with a concave-convex outer edge; color patterns of irregular patches preserved on several specimens.

It is possible that Neridomus hemisphaerica is identical with Neridomus sp. 1 as reported by Gründel et al. (2015) that had been only known from two poorly preserved specimens which are smaller and have an approximately evenly convex outer edge of the callus (maybe due to preservation). The numerous described but feature-poor Neridomus species show only few characters and can hardly be reliably distinguished from each other based on the literature. The present assignment to Neridomus hemisphaerica Roemer is not certain. Roemer (1836) described this taxon from the Portlandian. According to his illustrations, the present material could be identical with Roemer’s (1836) taxon. Hardly distinguishable forms have been repeatedly reported from the Upper Jurassic (e. g., Loriol 1881; Loriol in Loriol and Bourgeat 1886); Pčelintsev 1926; Cox 1965; Fischer and Weber 1997).

Neritopsis moniliformis Grateloup, 1832; Tertiary; France.

Latin rotundatum – rounded (because of the round shell shape).

SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1767 (Plate 6: figs 8–12).

5 specimens from Saal. SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1768–1772.

Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) reefal limestones from the locality Saal near Kelheim, Lower Bavaria (Gründel et al. 2015, 2022).

Shell neritiform, low-spired with large last whorl that is evenly convex (from adapical suture to the center of the base) and evenly covered with more than 15 spiral cords; spiral cords are about as wide as spiral furrows separating them; spiral cords entirely covered with small nodes; axial ribs absent; no callous formations visible in apertural area.

Shell neritiform, holotype (largest specimen) 14 mm wide and high;

late whorls strongly and evenly convex (including base); in some specimens, a spiral cord is reinforced near adapical suture, slightly angulating whorl face and delimiting a ramp with several spiral cords; first recognizable sculpture consists of 4–6 spiral cords lacking nodes; cords almost equally strong or alternation of stronger and weaker cords; further spiral cords evenly cover whorl face and base; holotype has 18 spiral cords from adapical suture to center of base; during growth, spiral cords become equal in strength; numerous small, densely packed nodes present on spiral cords of last whorl; nodes have deep pit in apertural direction, thus resembling short hollow spines; axial ribs absent, only weakly reinforced growth lines can be seen in spiral furrows; whorl face and base evenly rounded; base anomphalous; aperture broadly oval, slightly tapering adapically and widely rounded abapically; callous formations lacking.

Neritopsis buchini Guirand & Ogérien, 1865 has fewer spiral cords, the spiral cords are wider than the separating grooves, the tubercles are less numerous and not as distinct. Neritopsis buchini sensu Loriol in Loriol and Bourgeat (1886–1888) also has fewer spiral cords. The spiral cords of Neritopsis buchini are significantly narrower than the spiral grooves separating them and there are fewer nodes on the spiral cords. Neritopsis imbricata Étallon sensu Loriol in Loriol and Bourgeat (1886–1888) has a more inflated last whorl, the nodes on the spiral cords are smaller and more numerous. Neritopsis imbricata sensu Zittel (1873) has a more transversely elongated shell shape, the outer lip of the aperture is strongly asymmetrically convex with the periphery is low on the whorls. Nerita goldfussi Keferstein sensu Goldfuss, (1844) is adapically flattened with a sunken apex and fewer spiral cords of variable thickness. The aperture of Neritopsis ? rotundatus n. sp. seems to be asymmetrical and not symmetrical as would be typical for the genus Neritopsis (see Kaim and Sztajner 2005).

Neritites cancellatus Stahl, 1824; upper Kimmeridgian; South Germany.

Total of 27 specimens; 17 specimens from Saal; 10 specimens from Saal level 4, location 1 (“Sohle 4, Fundstelle 1”); 2 specimens figured: SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1773–1774.

Plate 7. 

(1, 2) Wallowiella (Plicaropsis) cancellata (Stahl, 1824) (juvenile), SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1774, abapertural and apertural views, width 10 mm. (3, 4) Wallowiella (Plicaropsis) compacta Gründel, Keupp & Lang, 2015, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1775 (collection Lang), lateral and axial views, width 17 mm. (5–7) Wallowiella (Plicaropsis) compacta Gründel, Keupp & Lang, 2015, c SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1776, abapertural and apertural views, width 18 mm. (8–10) Hayamiella subvaricosa (Brösamlen, 1909), SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1777, abapertural, apertural and apical views, width 18 mm. (11, 12) Hayamiella? sp., SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1778, abapertural and apical views, width 11 mm.

Many of the studied specimens from the Sylla collection differ from those reported by Gründel et al. (2015) by having an alternation of weak and strong spiral cords. These weaker spiral cords are, however, distinctly stronger than the lirae of Hayamiella schaeferi Gründel et al., 2015 in the same position. The nodes at the intersections of axial ribs and spiral cords are sometimes elongated like spines. The attribution of the present material to the species Wallowiella (Plicaropsis) cancellata is supported by the square pits formed by axial ribs and spiral cords on the shell and the formation of a knob on the outer lip.

1 specimen from the Sylla collection and 1 from the Lang collection, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1775–1776.

Here, we illustrate two additional well-preserved specimens for a better understanding of the species.

Naticella armata Münster, 1841; upper Triassic; St. Cassian Formation (Italy).

2 specimens, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI.

1 specimen, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI.

Neritopsis (Hayamiella) japonica Kase, 1984; Early Cretaceous; Japan.

6 specimens and a cast of an imprint (imprint not at hand), SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI.

1 specimen, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI.

4 specimens and a cast of an imprint (imprint not at hand); illustrated specimen SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1777.

This species was not available for the study of Gründel et al. (2015). Brösamlen (1909) gave an accurate description. In the material at hand, only the illustrated specimen is almost complete. The aperture is rounded with a strongly convex outer lip. The callus is only partially preserved. At least three of the specimens are adults with a width of 16–17 mm. This species differs from the similar Hayamiella semiplicata (Brösamlen, 1909) by having fewer axial ribs (about 7–8 per whorl) and the axial ribs do not become weaker during late ontogeny.

1 specimen, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI.

In the present specimen, the reduction of the axial ribs occurs very early. Approximately 4/5ths of the last whorl have no axial ribs.

2 specimens, illustrated specimen SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI 1778.

Shell neritiform, low-spired, apex almost flat, barely protruding last whorl in lateral view; larger shell 11 mm wide; wide ramp is inclined towards whorl axis; ornament of last whorl consists of 5 strong spiral cords approximately equally spaced; approximately 10 strong, widely spaced axial ribs run from adapical suture to center of base; intersections of strong spiral cords and axial ribs nodular; several weak spiral cords on ramp and between two strong spiral cords of rest of shell; intersections these weak spiral cords with axial ribs lack nodes; aperture unknown.

Neritopsis cottaldina d’Orbigny, 1852 as illustrated by Loriol in Loriol and Bourgeat (1886–1888, figs 3–4, non figs 1–2, 5) resembles Hayamiella? sp. 1, but has a distinctly elevated spire and more axial ribs per whorl.

Bipartopsis robustus Gründel, Keupp & Lang, 2015; upper Kimmeridgian; South Germany.

1 juvenile specimen, SNSB–BSPG 2016 XXI.

Saalensia birugata Gründel, Keupp & Lang, 2019; upper Kimmeridgian; South Germany.

22 specimens, illustrated specimen SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1779.

Plate 8. 

(1) Saalensia birugata Gründel, Keupp & Lang, 2019, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1779, lateral view, height 16 mm. (2–4) Loriolotrema sp., SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1780, apertural, apical and basal view, width 18 mm. (5) Brachytrematidae? gen. and sp. indet., SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1781, abapertural view, height 29 mm. (6, 7) Oonia kimmeridgiensis sp. nov., holotype, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1791, apertural and abapertural, height 18 mm. (8, 9) Globularia? sp., SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1794, abapertural and oblique lateral view, width 42 mm. (10, 11) Pictavia? sp., SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1790, abapertural and oblique abapertural view, height 20 mm. (12) Eustoma sp., SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1801, apertural view, height 24 mm. (13, 14) Eustoma sp., SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1802, (13) lateral view, height 31 mm, (14) basal view, width 10 mm. (15–17) Eustoma ? gracilis sp. nov., holotype, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1804, (15–16) basal and lateral view, width 18 mm, (17) detail of ornament of last whorl, height 15 mm.

The weakening of the abapical strong spiral cord can begin in relatively early whorls. The adapical spiral cord then protrudes.

Loriolotrema liriola Gründel, Hostettler and Menkveld-Gfeller, 2020; Oxfordian; Switzerland.

1 specimen, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1780.

Shell broadly biconical, with gradate spire, 17 mm high, whorls low, rapidly increasing in width; edge at about mid-whorl of first preserved whorls, delimiting oblique ramp from approximately vertical abapical portion; weak spiral cords present on both sides of edge; orthocline axial ribs run from suture to suture, with wide interspaces; nodes at intersections of ribs and edge; edge strengthened during ontogeny and axial ribs become broadly bulging and blurred; nodes on intersections of ribs and edge become larger, rounder and also include the spiral cord located between edge and bordering spiral cord as well as bordering spiral cord; several spiral cords can be seen on wide, oblique ramp; base slightly convex with 4 (5?) spiral cords broken down into individual segments; spiral cords on base crossed by weakly strengthened growth lines; base phaneromphalous; aperture strongly damaged.

Loriolotrema ? nodosa Gründel, Hostettler and Menkveld-Gfeller is larger, the strong enlargement of the nodes begins later in ontogeny, the spiral cords on the base are not divided into partial segments. Brachytrema kobyi Loriol in Loriol and Koby (1889) is more slender, the whorls have a stronger keel and the base has more and unsegmented spiral cords. Brachytrema filosum (Buvignier) sensu Cossmann (1913) is more slender, has more spiral cords on the base, the axial ribs are not as wide and the nodes on the edge are not as large.

1 specimen, Saal, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1781.

Shell turbiniform, 29 mm high, only partly preserved; whorls convex with numerous spiral cords and widely spaced axial ribs; first recognizable sculpture consists of edge directly above abapical suture; several weak spiral cords and axial ribs between edge and abapical suture; in the course of ontogeny, a spiral cord above edge and a weakly tubercular spiral cord appears between both; several spiral cords between edge and abapical suture; axial ribs become bulging and form rounded nodes at intersections with edge and several spiral cords on both sides of edge; adapical end of ribs thickened, node-like; some axial ribs thickened, varix-like; faint spiral lirae (that cannot be seen in detail due to preservation) between adapical suture and edge; spiral cord at border to base nodular; base slightly convex, with remains of spiral cords but shell largely chipped off so that only steinkern is exposed there.

Natica pictaviensis d’Orbigny, 1852; Bathonian; France.

8 specimens, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1782–1789.

The Sylla collection contains additional poorly or fragmentarily preserved specimens that are similar in size and shape to those reported by Gründel et al. (2019). However, in the present specimens, a subsutural groove that is present in the material reported by Gründel et al. (2019) cannot be recognized. It is unclear whether this lack represents a genuine characteristic of another taxon or intraspecific variability, or is due to preservation.

1 specimen, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI.

1 specimen, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1790.

Shell naticiform, egg-shaped, significantly higher than wide, 20 mm high; spire small; whorl face convex; sutures distinctly deepened; last whorl very large, inflated, higher than wide but distinctly elevated; transition from whorl face to strongly convex base evenly convex; shell smooth; growth lines not visible; aperture not preserved or covered with rock.

Natica amata d’Orbigny sensu Loriol in Loriol and Bourgeat (1886–1888) is larger and has higher spire whorls; its last whorl is higher than wide.

Melania abbreviata Terquem, 1855 (= Pseudomelania hettangiensis Cossmann, 1909); lower Jurassic; France.

After the Kimmeridgian stage.

SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1791.

2 specimens, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1792–1793.

Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) reefal limestones from the locality Saal near Kelheim, Lower Bavaria (Gründel et al. 2015, 2022).

Shell slender, oval; spire whorls low; body whorl much higher than spire, with weakly, evenly convex whorl face.

Shell slender, oval, higher than wide; holotype 18 mm high; sutures distinct; body whorl nearly two times higher than spire, with weakly, evenly convex whorl face; periphery low on whorl; transition from whorl face to base evenly rounded; base stronly convex; shell smooth; growth lines weakly parasigmoidal; aperture incomplete, probably teardrop-shaped.

Similar species (e. g., Oonia guirandi Loriol in Loriol and Bourgeat 1886–1888, Pseudomelania (Oonia) cornelia (d’Orbigny) sensu J.–C. Fischer et al. (2001) and Fischer and Weber 1997, Ampullospira (Pictavia) calypso (d’Orbigny) sensu Fischer and Weber 1997) usually have higher spire whorls, but above all, a wider and more convex body whorl.

Globularia fluctuata (Sowerby); recent.

1 specimen, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1794.

Specimen largely preserved as steinkern, 42 mm wide, egg-shaped, much wider than high, low-spired; whorls rapidly increasing, convex, without visible ornament; spire whorls low; sutures shallow but distinct; last whorl large, largely covering previous ones; transition from whorl face to base evenly convex; outer lip of aperture extends far anteriorly, curved asymmetrically, with greatest width low on whorl; outer lip of aperture shows course of growth lines: almost orthocline, opisthocyrt in adapical part of whorl, prosocyrt in abapical part; aperture not exposed.

Neridomus canalifera (Buvignier) sensu Gründel et al. (2016) is significantly wider in relation to the height and the outer lip is not as asymmetrically curved. Neritoma (Neridomus) ovula (Buvignier) sensu Fischer and Weber (1997) is smaller and the last whorl is higher. Nerita neumeyri Zittel, 1873 is higher in relation to its width and the spire is less elevated. The present species could well belong to Neritimorpha, for instance the Palaeozoic/ Triassic genus Naticopsis is similar. Specimens with known aperture would be needed for a safer systematic placement.

Tylostoma globosum Sharpe, 1849; Turonian; Portugal.

6 specimens, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1794–1800 (5 specimens collection Sylla, 1 specimen collection Keupp).

Eustoma tuberculosa Piette, 1855; Bathonian; France.

3 specimens, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1801–1803.

Shell high-spired, slender, with gradate spire and narrow ramp; a specimen 31 mm high; shell sides straight; whorl face with strong axially elongated subsutural nodes (9–10 per whorl) extending over more than of whorl height; broad, sometimes slightly nodular spiral cord at rounded angular transition to base; base slightly convex; whorls face and densely covered with spiral cords of variable strength separated by narrow furrows; aperture incompletely preserved with straight siphonal canal.

Ditretus sp., cf. rostellaria (Buvignier, 1852) has a similar ornament but differs in its stouter (less slender) shell shape, in having fewer whorls, a more delicate sculpture, and a very short abapical canal. Eustoma tuberculosa Piette, 1855 is larger and more slender, the aperture of adult specimens terminates adapically in a long, triangular extension. Diatinostoma aff. germaini Étallon sensu Yin (1931) has a wider, more triangular shell shape, spiral cords are largely missing, the transition from whorl face to base has a clear cord-like edge.

Latin gracilis – slender; because of the slender shell shape.

SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1804.

4 specimens, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1805–1807.

Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) reefal limestones from the locality Saal near Kelheim, Lower Bavaria (Gründel et al. 2015, 2022).

Shell moderately high-spired, relatively large and slender; whorls increase evenly in width; whorl face without distinct spiral cords; subsutural nodes become particularly large on the last whorls; transition from whorl face to base evenly rounded, with nodular spiral cord; base covered with nodose spiral cords, increasingly weaker towards center of base; nodes connected by bulbous, opisthocline axial ribs.

Shell moderately high-spired, slender, with acute apex; large specimen 45 mm high; early whorls poorly preserved, with straight whorl face; late whorls with subsutural row of large rounded, axially elongated nodes (9–10 per whorl), giving spire gradate appearance by forming narrow ramp; subsutural nodes extending over more than half of whorl face height; suprasutural spiral cord with weaker and more numerous nodes; transition from whorl face to convex base evenly rounded; base with knobby spiral cords; spiral cords on base becoming weaker towards center of base while nodes on them become smaller; nodes connected by bulbous opisthocline axial ribs; whorls probably also with fine spiral lirae (obscured by poor preservation); base apparently with narrow umbilicus; aperture not preserved.

Ditretus sp., cf. rostellaria (Buvignier) sensu Gründel et al. (2019) is smaller, the strong abapical spiral cord lies directly at the suture and has larger tubercles, on the base a third, clearer and tuberculated spiral cord is formed, the spiral cords on the base are more numerous and are not nodular, the flanks are covered with weak spiral cords. Cerithium rostellaria Buvignier, 1852 has smaller subsutural nodes, the whorls are angulated by the nodes, and axial ribs are missing on the base. Cerithium schardti Loriol in Loriol and Koby (1895) has smaller and barely abapically elongated nodes; it lacks a knobby spiral cord at the transition from whorl face to base and axial ribs on the base. Cerithium kelheimense Schlosser, 1882 is smaller and the shell is covered with weak spiral cords and it lacks a knobby spiral cord at the transition from whorl face to base. Ditretus nodosostriatus Peters sensu Yin (1931) has smaller and more numerous subsutural nodes, 1–2 spiral cords above the abapical suture; its base is unknown. Ditretus thurmanni Loriol sensu Yin (1931) is smaller, the nodes form only an indistinct ramp; it has 1–2 spiral ribs with small nodes between the upper row of nodes and the abapical suture. Nerinea orbignyana Zeuschner, 1850 has a series of small nodes above the abapical suture, the base is almost flat and lacks sculpture.

Cerithium rostellaria Buvignier, 1852; Oxfordian; France.

11 specimens, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1808–1818.

The description is based on specimens with relatively stout shell shape; shell acutely trochiform, stout, with few whorls; last whorl higher than spire; a specimen is 23 mm high (apex missing); whorl face of spire whorl low; shell sides straight (side view); whorl face with subsutural row of large, rounded nodes (approximately 10 nodes per whorl) with steep adapical slope producing ramp that accentuates suture; whorls including nodes covered with numerous weak spiral lirae; transition from whorl face to base rounded; nodular spiral cord at transition to base and a weaker one below it are more or less clearly developed (probably intraspecific variation); base also covered with spiral lirae; fully grown specimens with distinctly widened, large and rounded aperture; inner and outer lip strongly thickened and broadened; columellar inner lip is also thickened and somewhat detached; short abapical canal hardly visible in apertural view because canal is almost closed.

Plate 9. 

(1, 2) Ditretus sp., cf. rostellaria (Buvignier, 1852), SNSB SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1808, (1) lateral view, height 25 mm, (2) detail of ornament, height 12 mm. (3, 4) Ditretus sp., cf. rostellaria (Buvignier, 1852), SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1809, lateral views, height 23 mm. (5) Cryptoptyxis ? spinosus sp. nov., holotype, SSNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1824, apertural and abapertural lateral views, height 22 mm. (6, 7) Coninoda strekwera Gründel, Keupp & Lang, 2019, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1827, lateral view and longitudinal section, height 33 mm. (8, 9) Tropacerithium cumaritum Gründel, Keupp & Lang, 2019, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1830, (8) detail of last whorl, height 4 mm, (9) lateral view, height 7 mm. (10–12) Exelissa ? aff. corallense (Buvignier, 1843), SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1835, locality 1985, above coral stock, level 2 (“Fundort 1985, über Korallenstock, Sohle 2”), (10) lateral view, height 12 mm, (11) apex in lateral view, height 5 mm, (12) last two whorls in lateral view, height 7 mm. (13, 14) Exelissa ursicina (Loriol in Loriol and Koby 1889), SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1836, (13) lateral view, height 10 mm, (14) basal view, width 4.5 mm. (15–17) Turritella lucagrita sp. nov., holotype, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1840, (15) lateral view, height 75 mm, (16) earliest preserved whorls in lateral view, height 40 mm, (17) last whorls in lateral view, height 46 mm. (18) Nudivagus? sp. 2, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1844, lateral view, height 35 mm. (19) Neuburgensia angulata sp. nov., paratype, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1848, collection Lang, last whorl with aperture, height 6 mm.

Ditretus rostellaria Buvignier, 1852 differs in having whorls that are angulated at a row of nodes, its shell is more slender, the columellar inner lip is neither thickened nor detached according to the illustrations. Diatinostoma germaini Étallon sensu Yin (1931) largely lacks spiral cords and its aperture is unknown. Ditretus valenensis Yin, 1931 is similar (identical?) to the variant with a knobby spiral cord at the transition from whorl face to base. Ditretus thurmanni Loriol in Loriol and Koby sensu Gründel et al. (2022) is more slender and has more whorls.

Cerithium wrighti Étallon, 1859; Kimmeridgian; France.

5 specimens Saal, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1819–1823; 1 specimen locality 1985, above coral stock, level 2 (“Fundort 1985, über Korallenstock, Sohle 2”).

Latin spinosus – thorny; because of the thorn-like extension of the axial ribs of the last whorl.

SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1824.

2 juvenile specimens, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1825–1826.

Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) reefal limestones from the locality Saal near Kelheim, Lower Bavaria (Gründel et al. 2015, 2022).

Early whorls with 5 narrow axial ribs that form rib strands running across the shell i. e., ribs are aligned over consecutive whorls; last whorl with axial ribs that terminate adapically in thorn-like extensions; a spiral sculpture could not be seen with certainty.

Shell trochiform, conical, higher than wide, with last whorl higher than spire; largest specimen 22 mm high; whorls low; whorl face with straight; suture shallow but distinct; ornament consists of 5 axial ribs per whorl; axial ribs sharp, high and very narrow with a weak cusp at adapical end; axial ribs extend from adapical suture to center of base; ribs of last whorl of illustrated specimen increase significantly in height and terminate adapically in a thorn-like tip; ribs on spire whorls aligned to each other from whorl to whorl, only slightly offset from one another, forming rib strands that run weakly prosocline across shell; spiral cords or lirae absent (due to preservation?); only occasionally three faint cusps visible on crest of axial ribs that could indicate presence of spiral ornamentation; aperture not preserved.

Cryptoptyxis rarenodosa Gründel et al., 2019 has a ramp, but above all, the entire shell is covered with strong spiral cords. Other similar species (e. g., Cryptoptyxis sp. sensu Hägele (1997) from the Upper Jurassic; Cerithium quinquangulare Hébert and Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1860, Callovian) lack the adapical extensions of the axial ribs on the last whorl. Cryptoptyxis ? fortiter Gründel et al., 2022 has distinct spiral cords with nodes at the intersections with the axial ribs. In this species, the nodes on the subsutural spiral cord are strongly enlarged on the last whorl, but the ribs do not have an adapical extension.

Coninoda mammata Kollmann, 1979; Albian-Cenomanian; Austria.

2 specimens, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1827–1828.

A typical specimen from the Sylla collection representing Coninoda strekwera shows in longitudinal section that this species has no plaits or folds inside the whorls (pl. 9, fig. 7).

1 specimen, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1829, locality 1985, above coral stock, level 2 (“Fundort 1985, über Korallenstock, Sohle 2”).

Tropacerithium cumaritum Gründel, Keupp & Lang, 2019; upper Kimmeridgian; South Germany.

Deviating from the diagnosis of the genus given by Gründel et al. (2019), the few specimens presented here for Tropacerithium have around 5 somewhat reinforced spiral cords on the whorl face, with 2 weaker ones running in between. The intersections of the stronger spiral cords with the axial ribs are weakly knobby.

1 specimen, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1830.

2 specimens, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1831–1832.

Cerithium strangulatum d’Archiac, 1843; Bathonian; France.

2 specimens, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1833–1834.

1 specimen from Saal, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1835: locality 1985, above coral stock, level 2 (“Fundort 1985, über Korallenstock, Sohle 2”) and a questionable specimen from Saal, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1931.

Shell high-spired, slender with slightly convex flanks; the certain specimen has 6.5 whorls, 12 mm high; sutures distinct; 5 bulging axial ribs per whorl that are aligned from whorl to whorl; whorl face ornamented with 5 slightly nodular spiral cords; spiral cords wider than interspaces separating them; intersections of axial ribs and spiral cords not knobby; one axial rib on last whorl thickened, varix-like; base incompletely preserved, moderately convex, covered with spiral cords; axial ribs continue onto base; questionable, poorly preserved specimen larger (height 16 mm), with distinctly broader shell shape; whorls increasing more rapidly; axial ribs also continue onto base; base with at least 2 distinct spiral cords.

Exelissa ursicina (Loriol, 1889 in Loriol and Koby) sensu Gründel et al. (2022) has 6–8 axial ribs per whorl and 6–7 spiral cords on whorl face. Forms are described in the literature as Cerithium/Uchauxia corallense (mostly from the Oxfordian) that are very similar to the present form (e. g., Buvignier 1852; Thurmann and Étallon 1861–1864; Quenstedt 1881–1884; Gründel et al. 2022; and herein), which differ in details (e. g., in the number of spiral cords on whorl face, in the number of axial ribs per whorl, in the convexity of the whorls). It is not always clear which of these differences are diagnostic for species or represent intraspecific variability or reflect preservation. Cerithium mojisovici Zittel, 1873 has a broader shell, about 7 strong spiral cords on whorl face and a weak axial rib between two strong axial ribs. Exelissa diacritica Cossmann, 1913 is less slender, its whorl face is more convex (more distinct sutures) and it has more axial ribs per whorl that form only indistinct rib strands stretching over the shell.

1 specimen, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1836.

Shell high-spired, slender; specimen 10 mm high; sutures shallow but distinct; whorl face with approximately 7 strong, orthocline axial ribs which weaken on base; distance between axial ribs wider than axial ribs; 6–7 strong, spiral cords on whorl face; intersections of axial ribs and spiral cords without nodes; transition from whorl face to convex base evenly rounded; base covered with spiral cords that are slightly stronger than those on whorl face; aperture unknown.

According to Gründel et al. (2022), Exelissa ursicina from the Oxfordian is a variable species. The present specimen shows no clear differences to some variants of the Oxfordian species (see e. g., Loriol in Loriol and Koby 1889, Plate 8: figs 1–2, 5).

Cerithium sexangulatum Zekeli, 1852; Cretaceous Gosau Group; Austria.

3 specimens, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1837–1839.

Turbo terebra Linnaeus, 1758; Indian and Pacific Ocean; recent.

In classifying the species described below, we follow Das et al. (2018).

Arbitrary.

SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1840, the only specimens at hand.

Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) reefal limestones from the locality Saal near Kelheim, Lower Bavaria (Gründel et al. 2015, 2022).

Shell high-spired, very slender; whorls face of early whorls barely converge, later whorls converge significantly towards the apex; early whorls with 3 spiral cords of approximately equal strength; on late whorls, abapical spiral cord (low on whorls) strengthened, prominently protruding, angulating whorl face.

Shell high-spired, very slender; shell 75 mm high; shell flanks straight; sutures distinct; sculpture consists of 3 spiral cords; upper and lower spiral cord at clear distance from adapical and abapical suture respectively; on early whorls, all three spiral cords almost equally strong (middle one slightly weaker than others); whorl face of early whorls barely converge, later whorls converge significantly towards apex; no nodes visible on whorl face; on late whorls abapical spiral cord becomes stronger than others and protrudes noticeably forming an angulation low on whorl; shell ornament reduced on last preserved whorls; base and aperture not preserved; no plaits visible; narrow umbilicus present.

Turritella amitava Das et al., 2018 from India (originally thought to be of Jurassic age but later found to be Miocene: Fürsich et al. 2023, and again as identified as being Upper Jurassic by Das et al. 2024) is smaller, secondary spiral cords are formed next to the 3 main spiral cords, and shows no ontogenetic reduction of the sculpture. Turritella dhosaensis Das et al., 2018 (also of disputed age, Jurassic vs Miocene) is smaller, the abapical and middle spiral cord is are closer to each other than the middle and adapical spiral cord; the abapical spiral cord does not protrude as much on late whorls, and the ontogenetic sculptural change is generally missing. Promathilda (Teretrina) sp. sensu Hägele (1997) is much smaller, has more numerous and weaker but equally strong spiral cords, there is no ontogenetic sculptural reduction. Aptyxiella tricincta (Münster) sensu Quenstedt (1881–1884) has a concave or almost straight and vertical whorl face, the subsutural spiral cord is the strongest and the abapical one is not reinforced and does not protrude.

Nudivagus simplicus Wade, 1917; Upper Cretaceous; USA (Tennessee).

3 specimens, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1841–1843.

2 specimens from Saal, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1844–1845.

Shell high-spired, slender with high whorls; a specimen is 35 mm high; shell flanks straight; whorl face slightly convex; periphery just above abapical suture; suture distinct; whorl face covered with numerous faint spiral cords that are wider than spiral furrows in between; some furrows consist of rows of minute pits; fine ornamentation only faintly visible due to preservation; transition from whorl face to moderately convex, anomphalous base evenly rounded; no sculpture visible on base; aperture damaged, oval, pointed adapically; it is unclear whether an abapical canal was present.

Nudivagus sp. 1 sensu Gründel et al. (2019) has significantly lower whorls and the transition from whorl face to base has an edge. Pseudomelania valfinensis Loriol in Loriol and Bourgeat 1886–1888 is larger and more slender, the whorls are higher and the base is more convex. Pseudomelania kobyi Loriol in Loriol and Koby (1890) is taller and more slender, the whorls are higher and it lacks spiral sculpture.

Gymnocerithium concavum Janicke, 1966; Tithonian; South Germany.

2 specimens, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1846–1847.

Latin angulata – angular; after the angular transition from whorl face to the flat base.

SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1849 (Plate 10: fig. 1, collection Lang).

Plate 10. 

(1) Neuburgensia angulata sp. nov., holotype, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1849, collection Lang, lateral view, height 24 mm. (2–3) Neuburgensia angulata sp. nov., paratype, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1850, collection Lang, (2) earliest preserved whorls in lateral view, height 1 mm, (3) lateral view, height 6 mm. (4) Neuburgensia angulata sp. nov., paratype, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1851, collection Lang, lateral view, height 10 mm. (5) Neuburgensia angulata sp. nov., paratype, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1852, collection Schäfer¸basal view, width 6 mm. (6) Neuburgensia angulata sp. nov., paratype, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1853, collection Lang, oblique apical, width 6.5 mm. (7–9) Neuburgensia rara sp. nov., holotype, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1856, (7) lateral view, height 30 mm, (8) early whorls in lateral view, height ca. 7 mm, (9) middle whorls in lateral view, height 12 mm. (10, 11) Purpuroidea lapierrea (Buvignier, 1843), SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1857, lateral and oblique views, height 30 mm. (12, 13) Columbellaria corallina (Quenstedt, 1852), SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1859, (12) apex in lateral view, height 10 mm, (13) lateral view, height 19 mm. (14, 15) Columbellaria corallina (Quenstedt, 1852), SNSB 1860, lateral and slightly oblique lateral views, height 21 mm. (16) Diarthema aspera sp. nov., paratype, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1862, lateral view, height 44 mm.

Holotype and 52 paratypes (mainly fragments of various ontogenetic stages): SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1848, 1850–1855, 1932–1976; most from the collection Sylla, others from collections Keupp, Schäfer, and Neubauer, all from Saal.

Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) reefal limestones from the locality Saal near Kelheim, Lower Bavaria (Gründel et al. 2015, 2022).

Shell very slender; whorl face with subsutural nodular bulge, also on late whorls; shell flanks straight; whorl face straight to slightly concave; base flat, set off from whorl face by sharp clear edge at an almost right angle.

Shell high-spired, slender with numerous whorls; a specimen is 24 mm high; shell flanks straight; whorls significantly wider than high; as far as the fragmentary material can be seen, the early shell has a larger spire angle than later shell; whorl face of early whorls straight with distinct sutures; then, gradual development of subsutural knobby ridge (bulge) demarcating ramp; knobs limited to outer edge of the ramp, only occasionally visible, usually not preserved; ramp usually narrow, occasionally significantly widened and concave; outer whorl face of mature whorls straight to slightly concave; spiral sculpture not recognizable; base flat, set off from whorl face by sharp clear edge at an almost right angle; base without recognizable sculpture; aperture rounded-rectangular, with very clear, backward curved abapical canal; damaged specimens show that the columella axis is hollow.

For, the differences to Neuburgensia rara n. sp. see below. Gymnocerithium ? convexoconcavum Gründel et al., 2019 (also from the Saal quarry) differs in having a convex whorl face in mature whorls as well as a subsutural concavity and the transitions from whorl face to base is evenly rounded. Neuburgensia perrotunda (Cossmann, 1913) sensu Loriol in Loriol and Koby 1889 in the sense of Gründel et al. (2022) and Cerithium valfinense Loriol in Loriol and Bourgeat 1886–1888 lack a subsutural bulge and the transition from whorl face to base is rounded. Proceritella infragranulata Janicke, 1966 has an angulated transition from whorl face to base and a slightly convex base, the suture lies on a ridge formed by two adjacent whorls, and the whorls increase in width more quickly.

Latin rare, because this species is rare.

SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1856, the only specimen, Saal, collection Sylla.

Shell very slender, high-spired, with many whorls; early whorls have a subsutural, weakly tuberculate bulge that is reduced on later whorls; base flat; transition from whorl face to base at sharp angulation that is almost perpendicular.

Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) reefal limestones from the locality Saal near Kelheim, Lower Bavaria (Gründel et al. 2015, 2022).

Shell very slender, high-spired, with many whorls; specimen is 30 mm high, with about 20 whorls, apex missing; early whorls increase more rapidly than the later ones and therefore, the early shell have a wider apical angle than later shell; early whorls with distinct subsutural bulge (sometimes nodular) emphasizing sutures; bulge reduced on later whorls; whorl face straight, sutures only slightly impressed; series of small cusps occasionally visible directly below suture; weak spiral lirae on whorl face (hardly visible due to preservation); base flat; transition from whorl face to base at sharp angulation, angle almost perpendicular with reinforced edge (visible above suture); growth lines weakly opisthocyrt on whorl face and prosocyrt on base; aperture outline rounded-rectangular, details of aperture not preserved; columella hollow.

In other Neuburgensia species, the subsutural bulge is not reduced during ontogeny.

Purpura moreausia Buvignier, 1843; Oxfordian; France.

2 specimens, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1857–1858.

Shell globular turbiniform with gradate spire; illustrated specimen (probably juvenile) 30 mm high; spire high, slender for the genus; last preserved whorl distinctly higher than spire; earliest preserved whorls convex, without visible ornament; early whorls with subsutural concavity that rapidly widens into distinct ramp in later whorls; several weak spiral cords can be seen on one specimen; shoulder of ramp with distinct nodes on last two preserved whorls; nodes rapidly enlarging, becoming almost thorn-like; nodes terminate adapically and abapically in bulging, ill-defined axial ribs; transition from whorl face to strongly convex base evenly rounded; faint lirae are visible in places, probably originally covering entire surface of the shell; aperture unknown.

The information about Purpuroidea lapierrea regarding the insertion of the nodes on the shoulder and the formation of a spiral sculpture varies in the literature.

Rissoina unicarina Buvignier, 1843; Oxfordian; France.

1 specimen SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1976.

Cassis corallina Quenstedt, 1852; upper Jurassic; South Germany.

3 specimens, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1859–1861.

Shell egg-shaped, higher than wide, with distinctly elevated, slender, gradate spire, consisting of more than 5 whorls; illustrated specimen (Plate 10: figs 14, 15) 21 mm high; already first preserved whorls angulated forming edge that later becomes a keel; keel separates oblique ramp and vertical abapical whorl face; ramp ornamented with several very weak spiral cords over several whorls; spiral cords no longer visible on last two spire whorls; instead, formation of subsutural spiral cord covered with small tubercles and a stronger spiral cord, also with nodes, between subsutural cord and keel; whorl face of early teleoconch with axial ribs (approximately 10 on last spire whorl); intersections of axial ribs and spiral cords nodular; all mentioned spiral cords continue onto body whorl without interruption; axial ribs disappear at transition from spire whorls to body whorl and keel is weakened into a spiral cord of equal strength as in other spiral cords; transition from convex whorl face to strongly convex base evenly rounded; body whorl covered with approximately 15 nodular spiral cords of approximately same strength; spiral cords on whorl face slightly more distant from each other than those on base; aperture with widened outer lip and spine-like protrusions where spiral cords are situated; aperture elongated with anterior and posterior siphonal canals (see Hägele 1997; Werner et al. 2017).

The spire of the present specimens combines characteristics of Columbellaria corallina sensu Gründel et al. (2019) (the last whorl is approximately 10 mm wide; distinct spiral cord between adapical suture and keel) with that of Columbellaria sp. 1 sensu Gründel et al. (2019) (strong keel on whorls until end of spire, stronger nodes on keel). It is possible that all forms described Gründel et al. (2019) and described here are variants of a single species. Due to the lack of more extensive and better-preserved material, these forms are summarized herein under the name Columbellaria corallina (Quenstedt, 1852).

Columbellaria rara Gründel et al. (2022) has significantly fewer spiral cords on the body whorl and these are more bulging. Zittelia picteti Gemmellaro, 1870 has a wider and more convex body whorl, the spiral cords are at least as wide as the spiral furrows between them and the spire whorls are not keeled. Columbellaria victoria Guirand & Ogérien, 1865 and sensu Loriol in Loriol and Bourgeat (1886–1888) has spiral cords of equal strength on the body whorl, which are at least as wide as the spiral furrows between them. Its body whorl is more convex and it lacks a subsutural row of small nodes. Columbellaria denticulata Zittel, 1873 has more nodes on the last spire whorl and lacks subsutural row of small nodes is missing there; the outer lip of the body whorl lacks furrows.

Rostellaria paradoxa Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1843; Bathonian; France.

Latin aspera – rough; because of the strong ornamentation.

SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1863.

7 specimens, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1862, 1864–1869 and a cast of an imprint (imprint not hand), SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1870.

Plate 11. 

(1, 2) Diarthema aspera sp. nov., holotype, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1863, (1) lateral view, height 37 mm, (2) wing, height 16 mm. (3) Diarthema aspera sp. nov., paratype, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1864, lateral view, height 28 mm. (4) Diarthema aspera sp. nov., paratype, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1865, aperture, height 35 mm. (5, 6) Aporrhaidae gen. inc. schlosseri (Loriol in Loriol and Bourgeat 1886–1888), SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1871, (5) lateral view, height 38 mm, (6) columellar section, height 32 mm. (7–9) Gen. indet. schlosseri (Loriol in Loriol and Bourgeat 1886–1888), SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1872, (7) lateral view, height 35 mm, (8) last two whorls, height 19 mm, (9) basal view, width 16 mm (without wing), 23 mm (including wing). (10, 11) Gen. indet. monilitesta Zittel, 1873, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1874, lateral views, height 19 mm. (12–14) Gen. indet. sp. indet, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1875, apertural, apical and abapertural views, width of specimen 26 mm. (15, 16) Aptyxiella tricincta (Münster in Goldfuss, 1844), SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1880, lateral view and columellar section, height 32 mm. (17, 18) Aptyxiella planata (Quenstedt, 1858), SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1889, (17) longitudinal section, height 30 mm, (18) lateral view, height 48 mm.

Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) reefal limestones from the locality Saal near Kelheim, Lower Bavaria (Gründel et al. 2015, 2022).

Spire whorls have a knobby angulation, axial ribs and a strong spiral cord between angulation and abapical suture; last whorl of adult specimens with two wing-like, broadened varices; wings semicircular, with 6–7 strong spiral cords forming node-like projections on outer edge wing; aperture with long vertical rostrum long.

Shell with high, gradate spire and large, widened body whorl; largest specimen 45 mm high; shell slender consisting of numerous convex whorls; spire whorls angulated at mid-whorl face; suture distinct; oblique ramp demarcated by angulation; whorl face below angulation almost vertical; a weak spiral cord above angulation appears after several whorls; another spiral cord becomes visible above suture; ca. 7 strong axial ribs per whorl; axial ribs do not continue onto base in body whorl of fully grown specimens; intersections of angulation and axial ribs with strong nodes; weaker nodes at intersection abapical spiral cord; some axial ribs thickened varix-like; body-whorl of adults have strongly convex base; transition from whorl face to base evenly rounded; axial ribs disappear; former edge covered with small nodes; base with 4 strong spiral cords with fine nodes; two wing-like widened varices concave in apertural direction; outer lip of aperture widened into a semicircular wing; 6–7 strong spiral cords on the wing and several weak ones between strong cords; strong spiral cords form node-like projections on outer edge of the wing; uppermost strong spiral cord terminated in a spine pointing obliquely in apertural and adapical direction; long, vertically downward (abapical) pointing rostrum, covered with several weak spiral cords.

Gründel et al. (2019, p. 138, as Diarthema sp. 1) reported a vertically upward directed shell-process attached on the penultimate for this species. This shell-process cannot be recognized in the present material. We assume that this is a silicified artifact that does not belong to the shell.

The similar Diempterus ? multicostatus Gründel et al. 2022 has more numerous spiral cords of varying strength (but generally weaker than in the present species), the varices on the last whorl have 3 spine-like elongated tubercles. A wing is unknown for Diempterus ? multicostatus. Rostellaria benoisti Guirand & Ogérien, 1865 (= Diarthema benoisti sensu Loriol in Loriol and Bourgeat 1886–1888) has numerous reinforced spiral cords on the wing, the wing is asymmetrical with a protruding abapical part. Cyphosolenus tetracer d’Orbigny sensu Loriol in Loriol and Bourgeat (1886–1888) has only 3 strong and numerous weaker spiral cords on the body whorl, the wing extends to the last spire whorl, the spire whorls lack the second strong spiral cord between angulation and abapical suture. Pterocera thurmanni sensu Thurmann and Étallon (1861–1864) as well as Pterocera ponti (Brongniart) sensu Loriol et al. (1872) and Pterocera polypoda Buvignier sensu Loriol in Loriol and Pellat (1874) have a similar wing, but a stouter shell with convex spire whorls, but lacks axial ribs and nodes on spire whorls.

Nerinea desvoidyi d’Orbigny, 1850; Oxfordian; France.

2 fragments, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1878–1879, one large specimen 18 cm high, 5.5 cm wide: SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1.

This species has a very pronounced abapical siphonal canal.

Nerinea sexcostata d’Orbigny, 1850; Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian; France.

5 specimens, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1880–1884 and 4 questionable specimens, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1885–1888, from Saal.

The longitudinal section of a specimen shows that there are no plates or folds inside the aperture. The species is therefore assigned to the genus Aptyxiella.

2 specimens, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1889–1890.

This species has a palatal plait.

Cerithium defrancei Eudes-Deslongchamps, 1843; Bathonian; France.

Latin sine rugae – without folds, because of the lack of plaits or folds within the whorls.

Plate 12. 

(1, 2) Aphanoptyxis sinerugae sp. nov., holotype, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1891, (1) lateral view, height 98 mm, (2) basal view, width 40 mm. (3) Aphanoptyxis sinerugae sp. nov., paratype, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1892, columellar section, height 32 mm. (4–5) Pseudonerinea ? pseudomelaniformis Gründel, Keupp, Lang & Nützel, 2022, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1894, abapertural and apertural lateral views, height 32 mm. (6) Pseudonerinea ? pseudomelaniformis Gründel, Keupp, Lang & Nützel, 2022, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1895, lateral view, height 30 mm. (7) Nerinea donosa Gründel, Keupp, Lang & Nützel, 2022, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1896, lateral view, height 18 mm. (8–10) Nerinea donosa Gründel, Keupp, Lang & Nützel, 2022, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1897, (8, 10) lateral and basal view (9) detail of last whorl in lateral view, height of shell 19.5 mm, width 8 mm. (11) Nerinea donosa Gründel, Keupp, Lang & Nützel, 2022, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1898, lateral view, height 30 mm. (12) Nerinea donosa Gründel, Keupp, Lang & Nützel, 2022, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1899, lateral view, height 26 mm. (13, 14) Nerinea donosa Gründel, Keupp, Lang & Nützel, 2022, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1900, lateral and basal view, height 37 mm, width 11 mm. (15, 16) Nerinea moreana (d’Orbigny, 1851), SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1901, abaperurtal and apertural view, height 85 mm. (17, 18) Nerinea moreana (d’Orbigny, 1851)?, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1902, lateral view and columellar section, height 27 mm. (19) Endoplocus inflatus Gründel, Keupp, Lang & Nützel, 2022, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1903, lateral view, height 34 mm.

SNSB-BSPG SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1891.

Saal, 2 specimens, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1892–1893.

Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) reefal limestones from the locality Saal near Kelheim, Lower Bavaria (Gründel et al. 2015, 2022).

Shell moderately slender, cyrtoconoid, apical angle decreases during ontogeny; whorl face strongly concave, without ornament; suture situated on ridge formed by two adjacent whorls; a siphonal canal appears to have formed; whorls without plaits or folds.

Shell slender, cyrtoconoid, apical angle decreases during ontogeny; holotype 98 mm high; suture situated on ridge formed by two adjacent whorls; whorl face strongly concave, without ornament except of occasionally weakly reinforced growth lines; growth lines on whorl face orthocline and almost straight, bent strongly backwards below adapical suture; base slightly convex, smooth with weakly prosocyrt growth lines, phaneromphalous; transition from whorl face to base at sharp edge forming almost right angle; aperture rhomboid mouth, seemingly with siphonal canal, without plaits or folds.

Nerinea turbatrix Loriol in Loriol and Bourgeat (1886–1888) has a more slender shell, its shape is not cyrtoconoid and its whorls are higher. Cossmannea (Eunerinea) ursicina (Thurmann) sensu Fischer and Weber (1997) has a distinct spiral sculpture. Umbonata dilatata (d’Orbigny) sensu Fischer and Weber (1997) is more slender, the whorls are lower and 3 plaits are formed in the aperture. Nerinea arduennensis Buvignier, 1852 is more slender, the whorls are lower, the shell shape is not cyrtoconoid, and several plaits are present. Cryptoplocus engeli Geiger, 1901 has lower and less concave whorls and a strong columellar plait. Nerinea castor d’Orbigny sensu Maire (1926) has no cyrtoconoid shell shape, and plaits have not been reported for it (according to d’Orbigny 1851 and Fischer and Weber 1997, several plaits are formed).

Pseudonerinea blauensis Loriol in Loriol and Koby 1890; Oxfordian (Rauracian); Switzerland.

27 specimens, illustrated specimens SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1894–1895.

Shell very slender; a specimen is 32 mm high; whorls high; whorl face straight; suture slightly impressed; transition from whorl face to base evenly rounded; whorls smooth, at least on later whorls; aperture damaged, high oval with adapical outlet and an oblique siphonal abapical canal; inner columellar lip widened and detached.

Many species with a similar shell shape have been described, particularly in the genus Pseudomelania. Without knowledge of the aperture (it is unknown or insufficiently known in most cases), a comparison of these species is only possible to a limited extent.

Nudivagus? sp. 2 sensu Gründel et al. (2019) has a wider shell with lower whorls, a spiral sculpture on the whorl face, and lacks a widened and detached columellar inner lip. Ceritella (Fibula) cottaldina (d’Orbigny) as depicted by Fischer and Weber (1997) is larger according to its holotype, but shows no other significant differences. The shape of the aperture is unclear: According to d’Orbigny (1851), it is broadly rounded abapically, however according to Fischer and Weber (1997), it shows the onset of a (not preserved?) channel. If P. cottaldina has an abapical canal, then it is probably identical to P. pseudomelaniformis.

Nerinea mosae Deshayes, 1827; Oxfordian; France.

Regarding the synonymy of Nerinea and Phaneroptyxis, see Kollmann (2014, p. 360).

45 specimens from Saal, illustrated specimens SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1896–1900.

The present new material allows a more detailed description of Nerinea donosa: Shell slender (especially early ontogenetic part) with numerous whorls; specimen 36 mm high; whorls about twice as wide as high; subsutural bulge with nodes formed very early in ontogeny; in later whorls, bulge is largely changed to a row of large nodes (8–10 per whorl); nodes extend to about half whorl height, forming narrow ramp; ramp emphasizes suture; whorl face concave between row of nodes and abapical suture are, with 1–2 slightly nodular spiral cords; strong bordering abapical spiral cord covered by the following whorl or slightly exposed above suture, covered with small nodes (not always noticeable); growth lines weakly prosocyrt, strongly backwards below adapical suture; transition from whorl face to base slightly angular at bordering abapical spiral cord; base strongly convex, conical; base with several weakly nodular spiral cords (only visible in well-preserved specimens); aperture (see Gründel et al. 2022) narrow with siphonal canal, with two columellar plaits, 1–2 parietal plaits and in some specimens one palatal plait; if two columellar plaits are present, the adapical one is weaker than the abapical one.

Nerinea plassenensis Peters, 1855 is more slender, the subsutural nodes are stronger, it has columellar and parietal plates (Peters 1855: pl. 3: fig. 12); its base has not been described in detail. Nerinea orbignyana Zeuschner sensu Peters (1855) has a series of distinct small cusps in suprasutural position, the bordering spiral cord is very strong, and it apparently has two further spiral cords on the base which are devoid of nodes.

Saal: 202 specimens; Saal, illustrated specimens SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1901–1902; 3 specimens from location 1, level 4 (“Fundstelle 1, Sohle 4”).

This large, conspicuous species (the illustrated specimen is 85 mm high) is very common in the Sylla-collection, but is missing from the previously known material from Saal. According to d’Orbigny (1851: pl. 257: fig. 1), the row of nodes lies well below the adapical suture. However, the holotype of this species as reported by Fischer and Weber (1997: p. 40, pl. 13: fig. 3, lower Kimmeridgian, France) shows that the nodes are in a subsutural position, which can also be observed in the present material. Fischer and Weber (1997) gave a range from the middle Oxfordian to Portlandian for this species.

Nerinea moreana d’Orbigny sensu Buvignier (1852) (on p. 35 as Nerinea tornatella Buvignier, pl. 24: figs 10–12 - the specimen in fig. 13 probably does not belong to this species) is more slender and has fewer nodes per whorl. The shell shape possibly falls within the range of variation of the species N. moreana. Cerithium apicatum Eichwald, 1861 is more slender, the spire is significantly higher in relation to the height of the last whorl, the axial ribs run from suture to suture and the entire shell is covered with numerous weak spiral threads. Nerinea moreana d’Orbigny sensu Gemmellaro (1870) is partly broader (pl. 3: fig. 6), partly more slender (pl. 4: fig. 6) than the typical form from Central and Western Europe (a variable species or several different species).

Nerinea moreana was assigned to Phaneroptyxis by Cossmann (1896, 1898) and Fischer and Weber (1997) but Kollmann (2014) pointed out that Phaneroptyxis is a junior synonym of Nerinea.

Actaeon staszycii Zeuschner, 1849; Tithonian; Poland.

4 specimens, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1905–1908.

Plate 13. 

(1) Endoplocus staszycii (Zeuschner, 1849)?, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1905, lateral view, height 27 mm. (2) Endoplocus staszycii (Zeuschner, 1849)?, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1906, tranverse section of whorl showing plaits, height 9 mm. (3, 4) Endoplocus sp. 1, SNSB, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1909, lateral view and columellar section, height 41 mm. (5, 6) Endoplocus sp. 2, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1912, (5) whorls in transverse section, height 45 mm, (6) columellar section, height 74 mm. (7, 8) Endoplocus sp. 2, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1913, lateral view and columellar section, height 74 mm. (9) Ptygmatis bruntrutana (Thurmann, 1832), SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1915, lateral view, height 11 mm. (10) Ptygmatis bruntrutana (Thurmann, 1832), SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1916, whorl in transverse section, height 11 mm. (11, 12) Ptygmatis clio (d’Orbigny, 1852), SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1917, (11) detail of columellar section, height 36 mm, (12) lateral view, height 69 mm. (13) Ptygmatis clio (d’Orbigny, 1852), SNSB XXI 1918, 13a) lateral view, height 60 mm, (13b) whorl in transverse section, height 11 mm. (14, 15) Ptygmatis clio (d’Orbigny, 1852), SNSB XXI 1919, lateral views, height 45 mm. (16–18) Bactroptyxis ? subcochlearis (Münster in Goldfuss, 1844), SNSB XXI 1921, (16) lateral view, height 69 mm, (17) lateral view of early whorls, height 32 mm, (18) lateral view of late whorls, height 36 mm. (19) Cryptoplocus subpyramidalis (Münster in Goldfuss, 1844), SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1922, lateral view, height 142 mm.

Shell stout with egg-shaped outline, consisting of few whorls; largest specimen 27 mm high; body whorl higher than the spire; whorl face weakly convex; whorls relatively high, smooth; sutures marked by a narrow ramp; transition from whorl face to base evenly rounded; base strongly convex, smooth; aperture not preserved; 2 (3?) columellar and palatal plaites as well as a parietal plait visible in longitudinal section.

According to Peters (1855), Nerinea staszycii Zeuschner, 1850 is a very variable species. The specimens illustrated by Peters (1855, pl. 2: figs 6–9) correspond to the present material assigned to this species. Actaeon staszycii Zeuschner, 1850 is more slender, the spire is higher and it has more whorls. Itieria austriaca Zittel, 1873 has a subsutural row of nodes. Nerinea staszycii Zeuschner sensu Gemmellaro (1870) has a lower last whorl in relation to the spire height and the shell is more slender. Phaneroptyxis simmenensis Ooster sensu Cossmann (1898) is more slender and its body whorl is more cylindrical.

All from Saal, 12 specimens (typical form), 6 specimens (variant form), 3 questionable specimens.

2 specimens, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1903–1904.

The present specimens agree with the morphology of Endoplocus inflatus Gründel et al., 2022. However, they are significantly larger (height 34 mm and 54 mm). At least one columellar and one parietal fold are present.

3 specimens, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1909–1911.

Shell broadly trochospiral with strongly convex sides; illustrated specimen 41 mm high; suture somewhat impressed; last whorl large, inflated; transition from whorl face to strongly convex base evenly rounded; whorls smooth; aperture high and narrow; at least one columellar, parietal and palatal (?) plate present.

The shell of Endoplocus inflatus Gründel et al. 2022 is more slender and not as rounded in lateral view. The spire is much more slender and higher. Itieria obtusiceps Zittel sensu Stefano (1884) has a more broadly oval outline in lateral view.

Saal: 3 specimens, SNSB-BSPG 2016 XXI 1912–1914.

Shell highly trochoid; illustrated specimen 74 mm high; spire whorls significantly wider than high; sutures impressed; last whorl high; shell sides convex with evenly rounded transition to convex base; no ornament visible; aperture (always damaged) elongated, narrow, actute adapically; at least one columellar, parietal and palatal plait present.

The available material is too sparse and poorly preserved for a sufficient description. The relationships to Endoplocus inflatus remain unclear. The latter may have more and lower spire whorls.

Nerinea bruntrutana Thurmann, 1832; Oxfordian; Switzerland.